Balkan Wars

Balkan Wars, 2 wars in which the Ottoman Empire lost almost all its European territory. In the first war (1912–13) Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro conquered all of Turkey's European possessions except Constantinople. In the second war (1913) Bulgaria attacked Serbia, but was itself attacked by Rumania, Greece, and Turkey. In the ensuing Treaty of Bucharest (Aug. 1913) Bulgaria lost territory to each of its enemies.