John Henry Cardinal Newman

Newman, John Henry Cardinal (1801–90), English religious thinker, writer, and founder of the Oxford Movement Ordained by the Church of England (1824), he became an Oxford Movement leader, calling for an emphasis on traditional belief that was akin to Catholicism. He converted to Catholicism (1845) and later became a cardinal (1879). Outspoken and often controversial both as an Anglican and as a Catholic, his beliefs were expressed in influential writings—his Oxford Movement tracts (Tracts for the Times, begun in 1833) and his Catholic autobiography Apologiapro vita sua (1864).

See also: Oxford Movement.