Paschal II

Paschal II, or Pascal II (d. 1118), pope, 1099–1118. During his reign he was involved in the investiture controversy, a power struggle to determine whether kings or popes had the right to appoint ecclesiastical authorities. The Holy Roman Emperor Henry V invaded Italy and kidnapped Paschal to force him to renounce the papal right of investiture. Paschal later repudiated the renunciation.