Philip II

Philip II (382–386 B.C.), king of Macedonia from 359 and father of Alexander the Great. His powerfully reorganized army conquered northern Greece, acquiring the gold mines of Thrace and advancing south as far as Thermopylae, the key to central Greece. He defeated Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea (338) and became ruler of all Greece. His reign marked the end of the independent, warring city-states.

See also: Greece, Ancient.