Publishing

Publishing, preparation, manufacture, and distribution of printed materials. In Europe, publishing became distinct from printing and bookselling soon after the introduction of printing (15th century). By the 1800s, book publishing was an important industry. Today, large publishers are often owned by conglomerates. Many publishers specialize as to subject matter; type of book: trade, text, or reference; and means of distribution. Trade books (fiction and nonfiction) are sold to readers through stores; textbooks reach students through school purchases; reference books are sold to libraries and individuals. Some books are sold by subscription or through book clubs. In a publishing house, the steps needed to bring a manuscript to book form are carried out by separate departments: editorial, production, promotion, and distribution.

See also: Printing.