António de Oliveira Salazar

Salazar, António de Oliveira (1889–1970), dictator of Portugal (1932–68). He reorganized public finances as finance minister (1926, 1928), and achieved certain modernizations as premier. Education and living standards, however, remained almost static, and political freedom was restricted, both at home and in Portugal's African colonies, where he actively suppressed revolts. A stroke in 1968 led to his replacement as premier.

See also: Portugal.