Sufism

Sufism, Muslim mystical philosophical and literary movement dating from the 10th and 11th centuries. Stressing personal communion with God through ascetic practices or quietism, it has spread throughout Islam in a variety of forms, most apparently in Persia. Al-Ghazali was Sufism's greatest philosophical exponent, and among its great literary exponents are the poets Omar Khayyam and Hafiz.

See also: Omar Khayyam.