Victor Marle Hugo

Hugo, Victor Marle (1802–85), French novelist, playwright, and poet. He is best known for his historical novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831). Among his several important collections of verse are Les Feuilles d'Automne (1831) and Les Châtiments (1853). Hugo went into exile when Napoleon III became emperor (1851), and during this period produced his famous, socially committed novel Les Misérables (1862). He spent his last years in France, recognized as one of his country's greatest writers and republicans.