Horatio Herbert Kitchener

Kitchener, Horatio Herbert (1850–1916), British field marshal, secretary of state for war in World War I. In the Sudan in 1898, he defeated the Mahdis at Omdurman and retook Khartoum. He was commander in chief in the Boer War, 1900–2, and in India, to 1909. His appeals during World War I raised thousands of army volunteers. He drowned when a ship taking him to Russia hit a mine and sank.

See also: Boer War; World War I.