Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus; 121–180), Roman emperor and philosopher. Adopted at 17 by his uncle Antoninus Pius, he succeeded him as emperor in 161, after a distinguished career in public service. During this time he wrote Meditations, his spiritual philosophy and a classic work of stoicism. His reign was marred by plague, rebellion, barbarian attacks along the Rhine and Danube, and his own persecution of Christians, considered at that time to be the chief enemies of the empire. His government was otherwise noted for social reform, justice, and generosity.

See also: Rome, Ancient.