Duke of Marlborough

Marlborough, Duke of (John Churchill; 1650–1722), English soldier and politician, one of the country's greatest generals. He helped suppress the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion (1685) for James II, but in 1688 transferred his allegiance to William of Orange, who made him an earl and a member of the Privy Council. His wife, Sarah Churchill, was the closest friend and attendant of Princess (later Queen) Anne; together they had great influence with the queen. After Anne's accession in 1702 Marlborough commanded English, Dutch, and German forces in the war of the Spanish Succession. In 1704 he won a great victory over the French at Blenheim. Further victories followed at Ramillies (1706), Oudenarde (1708), and Malplaquet (1709). His wife fell from favor with the queen in 1711, and Marlborough was dismissed; in 1714, however, he was restored to favor by George I.

See also: United Kingdom.